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Research journal for the systems changing how we live, work and pay.

Independent minds. Informed perspectives.

Playful illustrated portrait of Jack

Jack

Jack specializes in KYC, KYB and working with companies around the world. He has a legal education and a strong understanding of payments. He helps Asya research and unpack topics for the journal.

Latest

A hand examines a checked paper receipt beside a hardware wallet.
Crypto ·

Ethereum Transaction Receipt Status: What Success Means

Receipt status records execution. It does not settle every question about gas, finality or fulfillment.

Illustrative dollar transfer on a mobile wallet
Stablecoins ·

Stablecoins Are Becoming a Product Layer

Paying a network fee in the same currency as a purchase changes the wallet experience, not the underlying costs.

Connecting a hardware wallet to a laptop
Wallet design ·

Wallet UX Still Decides Whether Crypto Feels Useful

Recovery, permissions and fee handling shape a wallet long before its visual design does.

A hand compares a hardware wallet with two transaction fee receipts.
Network fees ·

The Real Cost of Moving Money On-Chain

A network fee is only one line in the cost of moving money into, across and out of an on-chain system.

A hand operates a small single-purpose device beside a task card.
Business software ·

The Return of Small, Focused Software

Focused software offers a clear job and a visible boundary. Ownership still brings operating work.

Comparing an asset document with a digital ownership record
Tokenization ·

Tokenization: The Infrastructure Question Behind the Hype

A token is only useful if the claim behind it, the settlement asset and the transfer rules work together.

A reader checks research papers among library shelves.
Research workflows ·

Reading a Crypto Project Without Falling for Its Story

Read the mechanism, the permissions and the failure path before accepting a project's headline claim.

A hand adjusts an authorization setting on a tablet beside a security key.
Blockchain ·

BNB's Agent SDK Puts Payment Rules Beside Identity

The mainnet SDK combines optional identity, escrow, payment and memory modules for applications using agents.

Two shop workers reconcile payments at a clothing store counter.
Stablecoins ·

Circle Lets Payment Firms Keep a Fiat-Facing Service

CPN Managed Payments puts Circle in charge of the stablecoin operations behind a financial institution's service.

A technician installs a storage drive in a server rack.
Ethereum ·

Ethereum Fusaka Makes More Room for Rollup Data

PeerDAS changes how nodes check data availability, creating room to expand the capacity used by rollups.

Hands test a payment interface beside a small development board and receipt.
Stablecoins ·

KlarnaUSD Starts on Testnet, With Payments in Mind

Klarna's stablecoin announcement is a development milestone, not a public wallet launch.

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